12/31/2023 0 Comments William of ockham doctor![]() ![]() Eriugena was the most significant Irish intellectual of the early monastic period and an outstanding philosopher in terms of originality. Among them was Johannes Scotus Eriugena (815–877), one of the founders of scholasticism. ![]() Irish scholars had a considerable presence in the Frankish court, where they were renowned for their learning. ĭuring this period, knowledge of Ancient Greek had vanished in the West except in Ireland, where its teaching and use was widely dispersed in the monastic schools. These schools, from which the name scholasticism is derived, became centers of medieval learning. By decree in AD 787, he established schools in every abbey in his empire. Charlemagne, advised by Peter of Pisa and Alcuin of York, attracted the scholars of England and Ireland. The first significant renewal of learning in the West came with the Carolingian Renaissance of the Early Middle Ages. The foundations of Christian scholasticism were laid by Boethius through his logical and theological essays, and later forerunners (and then companions) to scholasticism were Islamic Ilm al-Kalām, meaning "science of discourse", and Jewish philosophy, especially Jewish Kalam. The "scholastics" were, roughly, "schoolmen". Scholasticus means "of or pertaining to schools". The terms "scholastic" and "scholasticism" derive from the Latin word scholasticus, the Latinized form of the Greek σχολαστικός ( scholastikos), an adjective derived from σχολή ( scholē), " school". Important work in the scholastic tradition has been carried on well past Aquinas's time, such as English scholastics Robert Grosseteste and his student Roger Bacon, and for instance by Francisco Suárez and Luis de Molina, and also among Lutheran and Reformed thinkers. Aquinas's masterwork Summa Theologica (1265–1274) is considered to be the pinnacle of scholastic, medieval, and Christian philosophy it began while Aquinas was regent master at the studium provinciale of Santa Sabina in Rome, the forerunner of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. The Scholastics, also known as Schoolmen, included as its main figures Anselm of Canterbury ("the father of scholasticism" ), Peter Abelard, Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure, and Thomas Aquinas. ![]() Scholasticism was initially a program conducted by medieval Christian thinkers attempting to harmonize the various authorities of their own tradition, and to reconcile Christian theology with classical and late antiquity philosophy, especially that of Aristotle but also of Neoplatonism. Because of its emphasis on rigorous dialectical method, scholasticism was eventually applied to many other fields of study. In the classroom and in writing, it often takes the form of explicit disputation a topic drawn from the tradition is broached in the form of a question, oppositional responses are given, a counterproposal is argued and oppositional arguments rebutted. Scholastic thought is also known for rigorous conceptual analysis and the careful drawing of distinctions. Scholasticism is a method of learning more than a philosophy or a theology, since it places a strong emphasis on dialectical reasoning to extend knowledge by inference and to resolve contradictions. The rise of scholasticism was closely associated with these schools that flourished in Italy, France, Portugal, Spain and England. Endeavoring to harmonize his metaphysics and its account of a prime mover with the Latin Catholic dogmatic trinitarian theology, these monastic schools became the basis of the earliest European medieval universities, contributing to the development of modern science scholasticism dominated education in Europe from about 1100 to 1700. Christian scholasticism emerged within the monastic schools that translated scholastic Judeo-Islamic philosophies, and thereby "rediscovered" the collected works of Aristotle. Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |